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Mars was settled during the “gold rush” period of asteroid mining in the 2050s. The first settlements were run as company towns by mining corporations such as Harvest Ventures. Mining and processing facilities also existed on Phobos and Deimos at this time. Early habitats on Mars were formed by digging large ditches and then covering them over to form tunnels. The colony grew very rapidly, and specialized nanomachines were brought in to excavate a three-dimensional labyrinth of much larger and deeper tunnels which characterize the Martian colony up to the present day.
During the war, the recoms on Mars overthrew their human masters and established a new government headed by the charismatic but ruthless Marshall Redwolf. The cult of personality surrounding Redwolf allowed him to become “Maximum Leader” and seize dictatorial power, which he used to suppress dissent and oppositiion.
After ruling for 30 years, Redwolf was ousted and Mars went through a series of weak governments. Of the established colonies, Mars has the lowest reputation in terms of rule-of-law or respect for civil liberties.